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Toxicity of aluminum using lipid peroxidation product – Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in serum, liver and brain homogenates in male Wistar albino rats was investigated in this study. A total of eighteen (18) rats of six (6) each in a group were administered 0.38 and 38 mg/kg body weight aluminum while the control group received 0.2ml normal saline for seven and fourteen days respectively. The results from this study show that MDA concentrations were significantly higher (p<0.05) and non-significantly higher (p>0.05) in 38mg/kg and 0.38mg/kg in serum, liver and brain homogenates after 7 and 14 days of aluminum treatment. However, the MDA concentration was highest in the brain homogenate. The results suggest lipid peroxidation probably due to the generation of free radicals, though need to be investigated further.

Strabismus is a condition in which the eyes do not properly align with each other when looking at an object. This study compared the Krimsky and Hirschberg methods in measuring angle of strabismus. This study was carried out in Owerri municipal. The study adopted a prospective study design. In this study, 21 strabismus subjects aged 16-45 years, were examined with exclusion to subjects without strabismus, 12 males and 9 females with strabismus were drawn through random selection from the study area age 30 years. The major instrument used to carry out this research are prism bar, pen torch and millimeter rule. The angle of strabismus was first measured using Krimsky method and repeated with Hirschberg method. The result of Hirschberg was converted to prism diopter for comparative analysis and results were tabulated. Statistical Analysis using T-test showed no statistical significance difference in the values of angle of strabismus measured with Krimsky and Hirschberg methods (p<0.05). Therefore, it is recommended that any of the methods can be used when measuring angle of strabismus.

Pediatric anemia in the context of malaria infections presents a significant health challenge, particularly in regions where malaria is endemic. This abstract delves into the crucial need for integrated approaches to effectively manage anemia among children afflicted by malaria, aiming to improve their overall health outcomes. The intricate relationship between anemia and malaria underscores the importance of holistic healthcare interventions. Malaria-induced hemolysis often exacerbates anemia, leading to elevated morbidity and mortality rates in affected children. Integrated strategies encompassing healthcare interventions and robust public health initiatives are pivotal in addressing these intertwined health concerns. Key integrated healthcare interventions include early and accurate diagnosis, prompt antimalarial treatment, and tailored anemia management, such as iron supplementation and nutritional support. Community engagement initiatives promoting preventive measures and access to healthcare facilities play a critical role in reducing malaria transmission and subsequent anemia burden. In conclusion, the implementation of integrated healthcare models that amalgamate early diagnosis, prompt treatment, nutritional support, and comprehensive public health strategies is indispensable for alleviating anemia in pediatric malaria cases. Collaboration among healthcare professionals, policymakers, and communities is imperative for the successful implementation of these approaches, ultimately contributing to improved health outcomes for children affected by malaria-associated anemia.

The management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) necessitates a nuanced comprehension of immune responses, with the CD4/CD8 ratio emerging as a pivotal parameter in this regard. This review investigates the clinical implications of CD4/CD8 ratios in HIV, encompassing their role as prognostic markers, treatment monitoring tools, and indicators of immunological reconstitution during antiretroviral therapy. We explore the baseline CD4/CD8 ratio in healthy individuals, scrutinize its prognostic significance in HIV progression, and assess its dynamic changes throughout treatment. Additionally, the article addresses challenges, controversies, and future directions in CD4/CD8 ratio research, offering a comprehensive overview of its potential as a key immunological marker in the ongoing battle against HIV.