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The main purpose of the study was to frame and compare the Health Related Physical Fitness Parameters (Abdominal Muscular Strength, Shoulder Muscular Strength, Agility and Flexibility) between Badminton and Ball Badminton Inter- College Players of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University. The subjects for this study was taken 30, in which 15 were Badminton and 15 were Ball Badminton. It was hypothesized that, there will be significant difference in the Health Related Physical Fitness Parameters (Abdominal Muscular Strength, Shoulder Muscular Strength, Agility and Flexibility) between Badminton and Ball Badminton Players of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University. The analysis of the data was done by applying T-test. The level of significance was set at 0.05 levels. The analysis of data has been presented in the following order Means, Standard Deviations, the range of scores was calculated and represented in tabular form. For testing the hypothesis and to find out the significant differences between the means of both groups, the T-test for independent samples was applied.

Physical fitness and psychological well-being are essential determinants of athletic performance. This study explores the relationship between selected physical fitness variables—cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, and body composition—and psychological factors including stress, anxiety, and will to win among university runners. A comparative analysis was conducted between short-, middle-, and long-distance runners to identify variations across disciplines. The findings demonstrate that while long-distance runners excelled in endurance and aerobic capacity, short-distance runners showed greater muscular strength and power. Psychological profiles also differed, with middle-distance runners exhibiting balanced levels of motivation and stress regulation. Results suggest that training programs should integrate both physical and psychological conditioning tailored to the specific demands of each athletic category. The study contributes to a holistic understanding of performance, emphasizing that psychological readiness is as critical as physical preparedness for achieving excellence in competitive sports.

The present study titled “A Comparative Study of Agility and Flexibility between Government and Private School Students of Kashmir” was conducted to measure and compare agility and flexibility of the students studying in government and private schools of Kashmir. The study used comparative cross sectional research design. The study included a total of 100 students, with 50 students from government schools and 50 students from private schools. Agility was assessed by the Illinois Agility Test and flexibility by the Sit-and-Reach Test. Descriptive statistics including Mean and Standard Deviation (SD) were used to analyze the collected data. Independent-Samples t-test was used to determine significant differences between the two groups at the 0.05 level of significance. The results indicated significant difference between the students of government schools and private schools for both the selected variables of physical fitness. Private school students were more agile as evidenced by a lower mean time (18.51 ± 1.28 seconds) compared to government school students (19.24 ± 1.36 seconds) which was statistically significant (t = 2.77, p = 0.007). Also, the private school students had a mean flexibility score of 24.06 ± 3.58 cm which was significantly higher than the government school students (21.68 ± 3.42 cm) with a statistically significant difference (t = 3.40, p = 0.001). Among the selected participants of the study, it is concluded that the private school students showed better agility and flexibility than the government school students. However, the observed differences are unlikely to be due solely to school type as physical fitness may also be affected by physical activity, sports participation, exercise habits and other individual and environmental factors. The findings highlight the need to strengthen regular physical education, sports participation and fitness-oriented activities among school going students in Kashmir.