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The study was conducted in Central Darfur State (CDS) in 2015 to examine the impact of recent Darfur conflicts on income derived from crop production, it is a kind of income generating activity undertaken by different livelihoods groups living in the study area. To achieve this goal, a multi - stage random sampling technique was applied to draw the sample size from the target population. Accordingly, 202 respondents were selected using the Attribute Sample Size techniques. A mixture of both quantitative and qualitative methods were used, with special emphasis on structured questionnaire. Respondents were asked to give information about their income source, for instance crop production and the influence of the conflicts on the everyday life of IDPs, nomads, rural and urban settlements. The data collected were for three time periods; pre conflicts period (2000), war period (2006) and peace period (2012). The model used in the analysis was Seemingly Unrelated Regression model, popularly called SUR model, using Stata10 as a main software, in addition to IBM SPSS statistics 24 and excel spreadsheet. However, the results showed the crucial role played by security on income derived from crop production. The study recommended that for agriculture to lead the state economy as before, security issue should be addressed and make the situation conducive for sedentary farmers to be able to resume agricultural activities.

Background and objectives: The production and productivity of dry beans in Ethiopia is hindered by multiple challenges; among these were biotic, abiotic and socioeconomic factors. Thus, this review paper highlighted and discussed those factors that impose dry beans not to give reasonable grain yield and acceptable quality there by to identify and discuss the main challenges of common beans under the study area, and to document the information generated from the paper for future improvement of dry beans. Material and Methods: A number of peer reviewed papers were critically viewed and reanalyzed based on the current situation of legumes production. Based on the investigation and observations made the author distinguished and prioritized the major threats of beans production for the study area. Results: Via different sources, information generated. The author also identified and prioritized the agents that limit the production of dry beans under the area and means of managing the challenges separately or by integration them. Conclusion: Therefore, the author recommend and suggest that to cultivate our farmlands in sustainable way we have to follow and apply the cropping patterns and systems of rotation with legumes to achieve this we must made bridge between technology generated with producers.

The sugar industry plays a vital role in India\'s agro-based economy by contributing to agricultural development, rural employment, industrial growth, and renewable energy production. However, several public-sector sugar factories have experienced persistent operational and financial challenges due to declining recovery rates, increasing production costs, inefficient utilization of installed capacity, and volatile sugar prices. This study evaluates the economic performance and profitability of Mysore Sugar Company Ltd. (MYSUGAR), Mandya, Karnataka, using secondary data collected from factory records for the period 2009–10 to 2018–19. The analysis focuses on sugar production, by-product generation, sugar losses, production costs, and profitability. The results indicate substantial fluctuations in sugarcane crushing and sugar production throughout the study period. The average sugar recovery rate was only 6.79%, significantly lower than the national average, indicating operational inefficiencies and poor cane quality. Bagasse, molasses, and press mud were produced consistently, with average yields of 29.00%, 5.96%, and 3.13%, respectively, highlighting considerable potential for value addition. Despite this, the factory experienced increasing production costs, primarily driven by rising sugarcane procurement prices and underutilization of installed processing capacity. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers, sugar factory managers, and researchers seeking strategies to improve the sustainability and competitiveness of public-sector sugar industries in India.